Delta Air Lines has been reported as having the highest passenger load factor (PLF) among major U.S. airlines, surpassing competitors American, United, and Alaska. This is largely attributed to its premium services and robust international operations network. As such, PLF serves as a crucial indicator of both operational and financial performance for commercial airlines, representing the average occupancy rate of aircrafts.
The system-wide passenger load factor for U.S. carriers, excluding all-cargo services, reached 83.03% in 2024, slightly surpassing the 82.92% recorded in 2023, based on data from the Bureau of Transportation Statistics (BTS). In comparison, global industry standards report a PLF of 83.5% for the same year, according to the International Air Transport Association.
Among major U.S. carriers, Delta Air Lines maintained an 85.0% PLF during 2024, placing it at the top of the list. “The popularity of routes experienced minor changes in 2024 because international travel started to recover from its decline,” said a Delta spokesperson.
American Airlines reported a PLF increase from 83.5% in 2023 to 84.9% in 2024, while Alaska Air Group saw a modest rise to 83.9%. United Airlines witnessed a slight drop to 83.1%, and JetBlue improved from 82.6% to 83.2%.
International operations, such as Delta’s routes between Atlanta and Orlando, experienced high demand. Similarly, American Airlines is enhancing its route offerings, while JetBlue is focusing on key markets in the Northeast and Florida. JetBlue plans to improve profitability by shutting down underperforming routes and cities.
Spirit Airlines underwent financial restructuring under Chapter 11, gaining more than $1.3 billion through bondholder agreements. Meanwhile, Southwest Airlines has been working to maintain its competitive position.
The earnings outlook for U.S. airlines appears uncertain amid economic instability and decreased demand. Delta, American, and United have lowered their profit forecasts, causing stock prices to decline. Delta projects a revenue increase between 7% and 9% for the first quarter of 2025 and expects full-year earnings per share to surpass $7.35. Similarly, United anticipates earnings per share growth in 2025.
Despite operational challenges, Southwest Airlines maintains its customer loyalty. Alaska Airlines demonstrated strong 2024 performances following its merger with Hawaiian Airlines, positioning itself as a leader on the West Coast.
In conclusion, U.S. airlines are adjusting their strategies to cope with economic pressures, changing demand, and stiff competition. This includes revising capacity plans, enhancing cost control measures, and optimizing route strategies to protect profit margins.
