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Southwest Airlines adopts poison pill strategy against Elliott Capital's takeover bid

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Gary Leff Chief Financial Officer | View from the Wing

Elliott Capital has acquired nearly a $2 billion stake in Southwest Airlines, seeking to replace top management and align the airline more closely with major competitors such as American Airlines and JetBlue by introducing charges for bags and basic economy fares. In response, Southwest Airlines has adopted a 'shareholder rights plan,' commonly known as a 'poison pill,' designed to make any takeover attempt prohibitively expensive, according to an SEC filing. This move is expected to lead to litigation.

The Southwest Airlines Board declared a dividend of one right (a “Right”) for each share of common stock outstanding as of July 15, 2024. This measure significantly dilutes the ownership of any person or group that acquires 12.5% or more of the company’s common stock without Board approval. Such persons or groups are termed "Acquiring Persons," and their Rights will become void.

Each Right entitles the holder to purchase one ten-thousandth of a share of common stock at a set price, subject to adjustments. Rights holders do not have shareholder rights (e.g., voting, dividends) until they exercise their Rights. The Rights become exercisable upon the earlier of:

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- Ten business days after a public announcement that a person or group has become an Acquiring Person.

- Ten business days after a tender or exchange offer is made that would result in someone becoming an Acquiring Person.

If a person or group becomes an Acquiring Person, other Rights holders can purchase additional shares at a discounted price, effectively diluting the Acquiring Person’s stake. If the company is acquired after an Acquiring Person emerges, Rights holders can purchase shares of the acquiring company at a discounted price.

Rights expire on July 1, 2025, unless redeemed or exchanged earlier. The Board can redeem the Rights at $0.001 per Right before someone becomes an Acquiring Person. Additionally, the Board can exchange each Right (other than those held by the Acquiring Person) for one share of common stock if someone becomes an Acquiring Person.

If Elliott Capital increases its ownership to 12.5%, it will face significant dilution unless courts rule otherwise. Courts have frequently upheld poison pills as legitimate defensive measures against hostile takeovers provided they are reasonable responses to perceived threats and pursued in good faith in the best interests of the company.

Courts scrutinize whether poison pills unduly restrict shareholder rights; if deemed mechanisms for management entrenchment, they may be struck down. The limited duration and clear conditions for redemption or termination in this case increase its likelihood of being sustained by courts.

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