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Why planes make last-minute turns before landing at Reagan National Airport

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Why planes make last-minute turns before landing at Reagan National Airport
Policy
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Simple Flying | Simple Flying

Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport (DCA), located near the heart of the US capital, is a key hub for American Airlines and its regional brand, American Eagle. Known for its scenic approach over the Potomac River, the airport presents a unique challenge for pilots due to restricted airspace over Washington D.C.

The primary runway at DCA is 01/19, which runs north to south. When approaching from the north, aircraft use what is known as the river visual approach. This path allows pilots to visually navigate using the Potomac River, offering spectacular views of the city. However, this route serves a critical purpose beyond sightseeing: it avoids restricted airspace areas P-56A and P-56B.

According to Washington National Airport, P-56A spans from the Lincoln Memorial to the US Capitol Building and includes sensitive sites like the White House. Meanwhile, P-56B covers a half-mile radius around the Vice President's residence at the US Naval Observatory. The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) and US Secret Service enforce these restrictions strictly.

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"Within P-56 airspace," notes an airport spokesperson, "the operation of commercial and private aircraft near the US National Mall, White House and Naval Observatory is prohibited." Violations can lead to severe penalties including license revocation and imprisonment.

Pilots landing on runway 19 must execute a tight turn at low altitude to align with the runway due to these constraints. According to JetHead, this involves a 40-degree right turn at just 424 feet above ground level. Despite serving smaller jets only, this maneuver tests pilot skill significantly.

Planespotters enjoy watching these approaches from Gravelly Point as aircraft make their final turns before landing. The approach provides both aviation enthusiasts and passengers stunning views of Washington D.C.

Departing flights also face restrictions when leaving DCA towards restricted zones. Aircraft heading north or northwest must make immediate left turns post-takeoff while those departing northeast must turn right promptly. These measures ensure they avoid entering prohibited airspace during ascent.

"Aircraft departing to the north/northwest are required to initiate an immediate left turn," states an official guideline from DCA, "while those going northeast start with a right turn."

These operational protocols highlight how security concerns shape flight paths into and out of Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport while offering unique experiences for travelers.

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