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Aviation faces growing challenge of GPS spoofing

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Aviation faces growing challenge of GPS spoofing
Policy
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The aviation industry is grappling with an increase in GPS spoofing and jamming incidents, particularly in conflict-prone areas. These disruptions have affected navigational systems, leading to false time or location reports. However, flight control systems remain unaffected so far. The European Union Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) and the International Air Transport Association (IATA) issued a joint statement highlighting that "interference can pose significant challenges to aviation safety." They urge for more actions to mitigate this issue.

GPS spoofing involves sending incorrect Global Positioning System signals to mislead aircraft or drones. According to OpsGroup, there have been cases where Global Navigation Satellite System signals are jammed or falsified, affecting the accuracy of GPS data and sometimes disabling navigation systems entirely.

OpsGroup has noted a rise in these incidents, particularly around the Black Sea, the Middle East, and Eastern Europe. In September 2023 alone, they received almost 50 reports of such events. Some aircraft flying near Iran's border over Iraq lost navigational capacity due to these activities.

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Spoofing is illegal when used deceitfully or harmfully, carrying severe penalties if it endangers lives. Examples include an incident in 2022 involving a plane from Lahore that experienced multiple system failures after takeoff due to GPS issues. More recently, in October 2023, flights departing from Tel Aviv suffered navigational failures because of spoofing activities.

To combat GPS spoofing risks, OpsGroup advises flight crews to monitor for signs like increased Estimation Position Uncertain (EPU), EFIS warnings related to navigation changes, and alterations in UTC clock times. They suggest deselecting GPS inputs when necessary and using traditional navigational aids while reporting any incidents.

Despite technological advancements replacing older radio beam systems with GPS for guiding aircraft landings, experts recommend maintaining some conventional navigational aids as backups against spoofing threats. Earlier this year, stakeholders met but could not find immediate technological solutions due to lengthy certification processes.

As technology becomes more expensive and sophisticated attacks persist, Bombardier and Gulfstream have advised continuing reliance on ground-based navigation aids when needed. Airlines are encouraged to report any spoofing signs for better data understanding through resources like OpsGroup's website and gpsjam.org.

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