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The end of the Cold War marked a significant shift in global military strategies, influencing the development of modern combat aircraft. While many contemporary fighter jets originated during the Cold War, several new projects emerged post-1991, reflecting changing geopolitical dynamics.
The F-22 Raptor's development is rooted in the Cold War era. "The Raptor program began in 1981 when the United States Air Force sought a replacement for its F-15 Eagle and F-16 Fighting Falcon," driven by perceived Soviet threats. The request for proposals was issued in 1985, leading to Lockheed and Northrop being selected to develop prototypes in 1986. The YF-22 prototype first flew in 1990 and was chosen as the winner before the Soviet Union's dissolution.
In contrast, the F-35 Lightning II represents a post-Cold War initiative. Its origins lie in Cold War-era programs, but it took shape as a unified project after the Soviet collapse. The program became known as the Joint Strike Fighter in 1995. Boeing and Lockheed Martin were tasked with developing demonstrators, resulting in Lockheed's X-35 being declared superior in 2001.
