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Why did one advanced jet fail while another succeeded

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Why did one advanced jet fail while another succeeded
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Airbus A380 | Airbus

The development paths of the F-111 Aardvark and the F-35 Lightning II have often been compared, given their roles in military aviation history. While the F-111 faced significant challenges, the F-35 has seen widespread adoption across multiple nations.

The F-111's journey began in 1961 under Secretary of Defense Robert S. McNamara, who aimed to streamline fighter jet production by applying automotive manufacturing principles. The Tactical Fighter Experimental (TFX) program sought to create a joint aircraft for both the United States Air Force (USAF) and Navy. According to USAF Major Brian Beece, McNamara envisioned a multi-mission platform capable of tactical operations and fleet defense.

Despite these ambitions, the program faced setbacks. The TFX was meant to serve both branches but eventually focused solely on USAF and Navy needs. The USAF required a long-range bomber with supersonic capabilities, while the Navy needed an aircraft for air-to-air combat. However, as Retired Navy Captain Joe Brantuas noted, "A lot of politics was involved with that airplane. It was a weight around everyone’s shoulders."

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Vice Admiral Tom Connolly famously remarked to US Senator John Stennis: “Senator, there isn’t enough power in all Christendom to make that airplane what we want.” This led to the development of the Grumman F-14 Tomcat.

The F-111 did find success as a long-range fighter-bomber and influenced future aircraft designs with its unique features like swing wings and advanced avionics. It served until 2010 in various capacities.

In contrast, the F-35 program succeeded where the F-111 struggled due to advancements in technology. As detailed in "F-35: The Inside Story of the Lightning II," this aircraft replaced fourteen different models across US services and allies, functioning as a fighter, reconnaissance plane, electronic warfare platform, among others.

Lockheed Martin's infographic highlights how sensor fusion enhances its capabilities alongside improved computing power and stealth features. The F-35 also supports diverse weaponry without compromising its design focus on maneuverability.

Manufacturing-wise, unlike its predecessor which saved General Dynamics from financial trouble before being sold to Lockheed Martin, the F-35 is produced globally with facilities in Italy and Japan contributing parts through competitive processes.

The three variants—conventional take-off (A), vertical lift (B), and carrier landing (C)—were designed for specific missions. This adaptability has contributed to over 3,000 units planned for production beyond 2030.

Ultimately, technological progress has enabled the F-35's success across multiple countries with varying operational needs while maintaining focus on maneuverability and mission versatility.

Organizations Included in this History
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