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Aircraft anti-collision lighting: essential features for safety

Aircraft anti-collision lighting: essential features for safety
Policy
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Airbus A380 | Airbus

Aircraft are equipped with a variety of lights to enhance visibility and ensure safety during operations. Commercial aircraft typically have more than the mandatory four types of lights, which include landing lights, beacon lights, strobe lights, and position or navigation lights.

Beacon lights, also known as anti-collision lights, indicate when an aircraft is in operation. Historically rotating, modern beacon lights use LEDs that emit a longer red flash compared to older Xenon models. These are positioned on top of the tail and alert ground crew when engines are about to start. Beacon lights must be active during taxiing, takeoff, and throughout the flight.

Strobe lights are another essential feature for collision avoidance. Positioned on wingtips, these white flashing lights increase aircraft visibility at night and must be used from runway entry until after landing. As per FAA regulations under 14 CFR 91.209(b), if installed, these systems should be operational day or night unless deemed unsafe by pilots.

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Navigation or position lights help determine an aircraft's direction at night. A green light on the right wingtip and a red light on the left indicate the plane's orientation to observers. These are required from sunset to sunrise but are often kept on during daylight for enhanced visibility.

Landing lights illuminate runways during takeoff and landing phases and serve as taxiing aids when dimmed. They can also function as part of supplementary systems like the Alternating Landing Light System (ALLS) for increased visibility.

Additional lighting such as taxi, runway turn-off, wing inspection, and engine scan lights assist pilots in various conditions while ensuring safe navigation through illuminated paths or checking for ice build-up on wings.

A notable hazard involves laser pointers aimed at aircrafts—a practice both illegal and dangerous due to its potential to temporarily blind pilots. The FAA has reported numerous incidents since 2016 with significant penalties imposed for violations.

"The airworthiness standard that governs the need for an airplane to be equipped with an anticollision light system," according to the FAA regulation 14 C.F.R. 23.140l(a)(l), mandates approved anticollision systems incorporating strobe and rotating beacon lights.

"Laser strikes on aircraft remain a serious threat to aviation safety," warns the FAA regarding this issue affecting pilot safety.

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