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Understanding roles: difference between credit card issuers and networks

Understanding roles: difference between credit card issuers and networks
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Marc Ramos Contributor | The Points Guy

Credit cards are an essential part of modern financial transactions, but the roles of card issuers and networks often remain unclear to many users. The distinction between these two entities is crucial for understanding how credit cards function.

A credit card issuer is typically a bank or financial institution responsible for evaluating applications, issuing physical cards, setting account terms, and handling payments. For example, if you use Chase's World of Hyatt Credit Card at a restaurant, Chase acts as the issuer. They manage everything from producing the card to paying merchants on behalf of the cardholder.

On the other hand, a card network like Visa facilitates transactions by setting interchange fees and building payment infrastructures that allow widespread merchant acceptance. In our example with Chase's World of Hyatt Credit Card, Visa serves as the network enabling transaction processing.

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There are four major credit card networks in the U.S.: American Express, Discover, Mastercard, and Visa. While Visa and Mastercard collaborate with various banks to issue cards, American Express and Discover also serve as their own issuers.

The choice of network can influence where your card is accepted due to differing interchange fees charged by each network. Historically, American Express faced challenges in acceptance compared to Visa and Mastercard because of higher fees but has been working to improve this situation.

For consumers choosing a credit card based on rewards or benefits rather than its network affiliation might be more common. However, having cards from multiple networks can be beneficial during outages or when certain merchants do not accept specific networks.

Specific benefits may also depend on the network designation such as Visa Signature or World Elite Mastercard which offer unique perks like extended warranty protection or concierge services.

Ultimately, while it’s easy to overlook the role of networks since they don't directly issue rewards (except for Amex and Discover), they play a vital role in ensuring seamless transactions across different platforms worldwide.

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