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Guide explores impact of Iceland's volcanoes on landscape and tourism

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Guide explores impact of Iceland's volcanoes on landscape and tourism
Policy
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Elísabet Helgadóttir Chief Human Resources Officer | Icelandair

Iceland's volcanoes have been shaping the country's landscape, history, and culture for centuries. Known as the "land of fire and ice," Iceland offers a mix of active and dormant volcanoes that attract visitors worldwide. These geological features provide insights into Iceland's past and contribute to its unique environment.

A significant number of Iceland's volcanoes are stratovolcanoes, characterized by their cone-shaped formations with central craters. The country also has shield volcanoes, which are flatter with dome-like shapes formed by successive eruptions. Many volcanoes in Iceland are subglacial or glaciovolcanoes, covered by glaciers like Grímsvötn under Vatnajökull ice cap and Eyjafjallajökull beneath its namesake glacier.

Iceland is situated on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the Eurasian and North American tectonic plates diverge. This location contributes to the formation of over 100 volcanoes across the island. The boundary is visible at places like Þingvellir National Park and the Bridge Between Continents on the Reykjanes peninsula.

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Volcanic activity in Iceland occurs approximately every five years but varies from minor activity under glaciers to full-scale eruptions. The Reykjanes peninsula recently experienced volcanic activity after 800 years of dormancy.

The remaining 32 active volcanic systems span from southwest to northeast Iceland along the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. A comprehensive Catalogue of Icelandic Volcanoes provides detailed information about these systems, including eruption histories and activity levels.

For those interested in exploring Iceland's volcanic attractions, several regions offer unique experiences: Reykjavik and surrounds for family-friendly activities; Reykjanes peninsula for recent volcanic action; South Iceland for road trips through volcanic highlights; North Iceland for iconic landscapes; West Iceland for lava caves; and Interior Highlands for remote volcano experiences.

"Iceland is very prepared for potential eruptions," assures experts who closely monitor active systems with established evacuation procedures if necessary.

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