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US aircraft registration explained: Why do they start with 'N

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US aircraft registration explained: Why do they start with 'N
Policy
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US Airways | Wikimedia

The United States uses the letter "N" as a prefix for aircraft registration numbers, a practice that dates back to the International Air Navigation Convention of 1919. This convention established a system where each country was assigned a unique identifier for its aircraft. The U.S. was designated with the letter "N," which has been used consistently since then.

According to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), "The U.S. received the 'N' as its nationality designator under the International Air Navigation Convention, held in 1919." Initially, this designation included radio letters N, W, and some combinations of K (KDA to KZZ). The choice of N became permanent due to its early use by the US Navy in November 1909.

In March 1927, amendments to the Air Commerce Regulations mandated that all U.S.-registered aircraft must begin their registration numbers with an N-prefix. Over time, specific guidelines have been developed regarding how these codes are formed and displayed on aircraft.

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An N-number can consist of one to five characters following the initial "N," such as numbers or letters. However, certain restrictions apply: an N-number cannot start with zero; numbers like N1 through N99 are reserved for FAA use; and letters I and O are avoided to prevent confusion with numerals one and zero.

Aircraft owners may also request special registration numbers from a list provided by the FAA. These can be reserved for future use at a fee or applied immediately upon new registrations or changes.

Exceptions exist concerning displaying these codes on certain occasions like exhibitions or airshows, provided specific conditions outlined by FAR Part 45 regulations are met.

As part of modernization efforts, individual aircraft owners can manage their registrations online through services offered by the FAA. This includes applying for new registrations or requesting changes to existing ones while utilizing digital payment options.

Organizations Included in this History
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