When Russia invaded Ukraine in early 2022, the international community responded with sanctions that severely restricted Russia's access to aviation resources. This included cutting off access to the Global Distribution System (GDS), limiting international flights, halting new Western plane acquisitions, and ceasing the supply of parts for existing aircraft. Despite these measures, Finnish news outlet Yle reports that Russia has managed to acquire nearly one billion euros ($1.173 billion) worth of aircraft parts.
The sanctions specifically prohibit companies like Airbus and Boeing from selling aircraft or services to Russia. Even Comac and Embraer face similar restrictions. To maintain their fleet, Russian airlines have turned to alternative methods involving allied or neutral countries.
Reports indicate that Russia has obtained approximately €600 million ($703 million) in parts for Airbus aircraft and about €400 million ($468 million) for Boeing planes. These transactions occur through third-party nations such as China, Türkiye, and the United Arab Emirates. Companies based in these countries purchase parts from Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) and sell them to Russian airlines. Indian firms have also reportedly joined these activities.