The Boeing 747 and Airbus A380 are the only commercial jetliners with a partial or full second passenger deck, and both have left a significant mark on aviation history. The 747, often called the “Queen of the Skies,” was manufactured from 1968 to 2023, with a total of 1,574 built. Major operators such as Asiana Airlines, Korean Air, Cathay Pacific, and Lufthansa continue to fly more than ten of these aircraft each.
The hub-and-spoke model dominated air travel when the 747 was introduced. This system favored moving large numbers of passengers between major airports for onward connections. Over time, advancements in fuel efficiency allowed newer twin-engine aircraft like the Boeing 787 and Airbus A350 to operate longer routes directly between more cities. This shift has made point-to-point travel more common and reduced demand for very large aircraft.
The Airbus A380 entered service later, with 254 produced from 2003 to 2021. Its two full-length decks can carry up to 853 passengers in an all-economy layout. However, its size poses challenges: not all airports can accommodate its weight or wingspan without expensive infrastructure upgrades. The Boeing 777X addresses some of these issues by using folding wingtips so it can use existing gates.