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Boeing 777F and Airbus A350F emerge as top replacements for retiring Boeing 747 cargo fleet

Boeing 777F and Airbus A350F emerge as top replacements for retiring Boeing 747 cargo fleet
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CEO Kelly Ortberg | Boeing

The Boeing 747, known for its distinctive hump and four engines, has played a major role in both passenger and cargo aviation since the early 1970s. More than 1,500 units were produced over its five-decade run, serving airlines and cargo operators worldwide. As these aircraft age, many have been retired or shifted from passenger to cargo service.

Initially designed as a potential military transport for the US Air Force in the 1960s, the 747 was introduced to commercial aviation after losing out to the Lockheed C-5 Galaxy. Pan American World Airways became its launch customer, ordering 25 aircraft and debuting the jet on transatlantic routes in 1970. Over time, various models of the 747 served major carriers such as Japan Airlines, British Airways, Lufthansa, United Airlines, Cathay Pacific, Qantas, and Air France.

In recent years, most remaining Boeing 747s have operated as freighters rather than passenger jets. Atlas Air currently operates more than 50 of these aircraft for cargo purposes. Other active cargo operators include UPS Airlines with 13 freighters, Cargolux with 30, Lufthansa Cargo with 27, Kalitta Air with 22, AirBridgeCargo with 13, and Silk Way West Airlines with ten.

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As airlines modernize their fleets and seek greater efficiency and lower operating costs, they are replacing aging Boeing 747 freighters with newer models. The main replacement within Boeing’s lineup is the twin-engine Boeing 777F. Since its introduction in February 2009 by Air France Cargo, more than 250 units have been delivered to over two dozen operators worldwide—including FedEx Express (the largest operator), Qatar Airways Cargo, Emirates SkyCargo, Lufthansa Cargo, Ethiopian Cargo, China Southern Cargo—and others.

The Boeing 777F offers similar payload capacity to the older four-engine Boeing 747-400F but consumes about thirty percent less fuel. This significant improvement in fuel efficiency translates into substantial cost savings for operators.

Airbus has also developed alternatives to replace retiring Boeing 747s in cargo service. The Airbus A330-200F is already in use as a converted freighter model. The upcoming Airbus A350F represents Airbus’s latest entry into this market segment; it was formally launched at the Dubai Airshow in 2021 and is expected to enter service by 2027. The A350F promises improved fuel burn rates and emissions compared to both older quadjets like the Boeing 747-400F and current twinjets like the Boeing 777F.

Originally scheduled for delivery to Air Lease Corporation—who later canceled their order—the first A350Fs will now go to CMA CGM Air Cargo as launch operator. Other customers include Air France-KLM Cargo, Cathay Cargo, Etihad Cargo, STARLUX Airlines, and Silk Way West Airlines.

A key reason behind this shift away from four-engine jets is cost: maintaining older quadjets incurs higher fuel consumption and maintenance expenses compared to modern twin-engine freighters like the Boeing 777F or Airbus A350F. Operators are also motivated by commonality—newer models share systems or cockpits with existing passenger fleets—which helps reduce pilot training requirements and simplifies maintenance logistics.

With most passenger variants of the Boeing 747 already retired from service (the last delivery took place on January 31st, 2023), freight carriers are accelerating efforts to transition toward more efficient next-generation widebody freighters that better fit evolving operational needs.

Organizations Included in this History
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