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The McDonnell Douglas MD-11, introduced in the 1990s as a tri-jet widebody aircraft, marked an important step in aviation development with features like quieter engines and extended range. However, its commercial performance did not meet expectations due to shifting industry trends toward more efficient twin-engine widebodies and advances in ETOPS regulations. While initially promising—with 52 firm orders and 40 options at launch—the MD-11 ultimately saw production end after just 200 deliveries by 2000.
Despite these challenges, the MD-11 found a lasting role in air freight operations. Major cargo carriers such as FedEx, UPS Airlines, and Western Global Airlines continue to operate MD-11 freighters; for example, FedEx has 58 aircraft with 21 active units. The average age of these fleets now exceeds three decades, raising maintenance costs and prompting operators to seek newer alternatives.
The Boeing 777 Freighter has become the leading replacement for aging MD-11s. Entering service in 2009, it is now the world’s most widely used production widebody freighter with over 250 delivered globally. According to Boeing, “In just 15 years, the 777 Freighter has become the most popular dedicated freighter in history with its demonstrated versatility. The 777 Freighter carries a wide variety of payloads with the range and economics that keep Boeing freighters at the top of the industry.”
