US Air Force balances longevity of F‑35 with future sixth-generation jet development

The F-35 serves multiple roles including air-to-air combat, strike missions, electronic warfare, intelligence gathering, and command support. Its widespread adoption among allies strengthens interoperability across air forces.

Several factors contribute to projections that the F-35 could remain in service into the 2070s: its stealth characteristics; ability to integrate data from multiple sources; modular upgrade pathways; extensive international user base; and digital sustainment architecture.

However, challenges persist as technological advances in adversary air defense systems may outpace incremental upgrades to existing platforms like the F-35. Political considerations and industrial interests also play a role in decisions regarding whether to develop new fighters or continue upgrading current fleets.

Looking ahead, the Air Force is developing next-generation capabilities under programs such as Next Generation Air Dominance (NGAD). In March 2025, Boeing was selected to produce what will be designated as the F-47—a sixth-generation fighter expected to offer greater range and advanced sensor integration. The initial procurement target for this model is about 185 units.

The NGAD concept emphasizes manned-unmanned teaming: each manned fighter will operate alongside drones known as Collaborative Combat Aircraft (CCAs). Congressional briefings suggest plans for approximately 1,000 CCAs that would support both current and future fighters on various missions including electronic warfare and reconnaissance.

In parallel developments, prototype drones like YFQ-42A and YFQ-44A are being tested as loyal wingmen—autonomous or semi-autonomous systems intended to complement manned aircraft rather than replace them entirely. The Navy’s carrier-capable F/A-XX program represents another strand of ongoing modernization efforts aimed at replacing older models such as the Super Hornet by next decade.

While some experts speculate about an eventual transition away from piloted combat jets due to advances in artificial intelligence and drone technology, most analysts believe human pilots will remain essential for decades because of their decision-making abilities during complex missions.

"The real challenge is not whether machines can fly or fight but whether they can match a pilot’s ability to make rapid intuitive decisions in unpredictable combat," one analysis notes.

Ultimately, while unmanned systems are taking on more responsibilities within mixed fleets—and may become increasingly prominent if autonomy improves—the legacy of manned fighters like the F-35 remains central for now. The evolving balance between continuity provided by proven platforms like the F-35 and innovation through programs such as NGAD illustrates how modern air power adapts amid changing threats.