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US military drone categories: a look at five tiers

US military drone categories: a look at five tiers
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The United States military employs a range of drones, also known as unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), across various combat zones worldwide. These drones serve multiple functions, from reconnaissance to tactical intelligence and strike missions. The Department of Defense categorizes these drones into five distinct tiers based on their capabilities and size.

Tier 1 consists of very light, low-altitude intelligence aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight of 0-20 lbs, operating at altitudes up to 1,200 feet and speeds around 100 knots. This category includes the RQ-11 Raven, Wasp III, and RQ-20 Puma, all manufactured by AeroVironment.

Tier 2 comprises light, low-altitude intelligence aircraft with weights between 21-55 lbs and nominal operating altitudes below 3,500 feet. The Boeing Insitu MQ-27 ScanEagle, Aerovel Flexrotor, and PDW C100 fall under this tier.

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In Tier 3 are small, medium-altitude aircraft with a maximum takeoff weight below 1,320 lbs and operating altitudes below 18,000 feet. Notable models include the Shield AI V-BAT and the RQ-21 Blackjack.

Tier 4 features heavy, medium-altitude drones that weigh over 1,320 lbs but operate at similar altitudes as Tier 3. Drones in this category include the MQ-8B Fire Scout and MQ-1C Gray Eagle.

Finally, Tier 5 encompasses heavy high-altitude drones such as the General Atomics MQ-9 Reaper and Northrop Grumman RQ-4 Global Hawk. These high-speed aircraft operate above altitudes of 18,000 feet.

These classifications highlight the diverse roles that UAS play in modern military operations across different service branches within the U.S. Armed Forces.

Organizations Included in this History
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