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China progresses in military aircraft engine development amid ongoing challenges

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China progresses in military aircraft engine development amid ongoing challenges
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Simple Flying | Simple Flying

China's development of military aircraft engines has been a complex journey, marked by both advancements and ongoing challenges. The country has long aimed to produce its own fighter jet engines, a crucial component in establishing an independent defense capability. Despite progress, China continues to face hurdles in engine production for both military and commercial aircraft.

The country's latest sixth-generation fighter jet reportedly requires three engines to achieve necessary thrust levels, with noise being a notable issue during tests. In the commercial sector, China is working on the ACAE CJ-1000A turbofan engine for the COMAC C919 passenger jet. However, this engine will not be ready until 2030, leaving the aircraft reliant on foreign technology in the interim.

Historically, China lagged behind other nations like the Soviet Union in fighter jet design but has since developed its own models such as the J-10C and J-20. Professor Justin Bronks from Rusi suggests that China's J-20 Mighty Dragon may surpass Russia's Su-57 Felon in performance. Nevertheless, China still heavily depends on Russian aero-engines for various aircraft.

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Janes reported that despite cutting contracts for Russian engines in 2019, "China continues to rely heavily on aero-engines imported from Russia." Only a few countries worldwide have the capability to design and manufacture fighter jet engines, including France's Safran and Russia's Aviadvigatel.

China is currently developing at least five types of jet engines across different bypass ratios as part of its "Two Engines" plan. This initiative aims to enhance domestic capabilities and reduce reliance on foreign technology. Among these developments is the Guizhou WS-19 engine intended for new twin-engine fighters like the Shenyang J-35.

Despite advancements, challenges remain significant. Janes highlights reliability issues linked to core technologies and manufacturing processes as major obstacles. India faces similar difficulties with its HAL Tejas program due to delays in developing indigenous engines.

Russia also encounters setbacks with its Su-57 Felon using older engines while under international sanctions. These challenges underscore the complexity of producing advanced fighter jet engines compared to nuclear weapons.

In addition to manned aircraft, China is advancing UAV engine technology. The Aero Engine Corporation of China (AECC) announced successful ignition of a new high-end turbofan engine designed for drones, capable of operating at high altitudes and speeds.

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