Pilot work restrictions are generally based on active flying hours rather than overall duty hours. Pilot duty hours are defined as the time between reporting for an assignment and being released from it, including active flight time calculated between engine start and shutoff.
The duration of the work shift covers pre-flight checks, inspections, and necessary paperwork at the beginning and end of a flight. Airlines typically schedule pilot duty hours between 10 and 14 hours, encompassing cumulative flight times of 6 to 8 hours. These durations vary depending on the routes pilots are assigned to.
For instance, pilots flying multiple short-haul routes may work for 8-10 hours, while those on long-haul routes might have longer shifts. For example, a transatlantic flight between Seattle and London lasts approximately 10 hours; in this case, an airline may schedule multiple pilots for a13-hour work shift.
Aviation regulatory requirements in the United States
The Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) mandates commercial airline crews to limit their flight duty times and schedule rest periods within specific time frames. The FAA regulations for one or two-pilot crews are as follows:
- A certificate holder conducting flag operations may schedule a pilot to fly in an airplane with one or two pilots for eight hours or less during any24- hour period without a rest period.
- If scheduled for more than eight hours within any24-hour period, an intervening rest period must be provided before completing eight scheduled hours of flight duty. This rest period should be at least twice the number of hours flown since the preceding rest period but no less than eight hours.
- Pilots who have flown more than eight hours within24 consecutive hours must receive at least18hours of rest before any further assignments.
- No pilot may fly more than32hours during any seven consecutive days; each pilot must have at least24consecutive hours off once every seven days.
- No pilot may fly over100hours in one calendar month or1,000hours within any12- month period.
Expert Opinion: Cabin Crew Should Be Seen As Safety Professionals Not Just Service Providers In light of recent events involving Azerbaijan Airlines Flight8243and Jeju Air Flight2216cabin crew roles have come under scrutiny.Cabin crew training is intensive focusing primarily on emergency handling rather than just service provision.Crew members put on their uniforms daily not knowing it could be their last some losing close colleagues.Isn 't it time public perception shifted towards seeing cabin crews' primary role in maintaining safety?
The FAA regulations differ slightly when there is an additional crew member:
- No certificate holder conducting flag operations may schedule a pilot to fly with two pilots plus one additional flight crew member for more than12hours during any24-hour period.
- If a pilot has flown20or more hours within48consecutive hours or24or more within72consecutive hours they must receive at least18hours' rest before further assignments.At least24hours' rest is mandatory every seven days.
- No pilot may exceed120flight crew member-hours in30days300in90days or1, 000annually.
When time is up
Pilots risk exceeding allowed duty times when flights face delays due to various reasons including mechanical issues.An American Airlines flight from Charlotte bound Boston experienced such delays leaving passenger Sheila Gray stranded after arriving from Rome connecting through Charlotte."All I wanted was home "she said having been awake24hours by then.After boarding repairs caused further delay leading de-boarding because"the crew timed out "prompting passenger frustration some even escorted off planes due misconduct following reboarding attempts amid heightened tensions among travelers seeking alternative arrangements."
Airlines have contingency plans
Flight disruptions commonly occur especially during bad weather peak travel seasons affecting scheduled operations significantly.Relief crews remain stationed major hubs ready step ensuring regulatory compliance avoiding hefty fines potential license losses though sometimes resulting cancellations if no relief available accommodating affected passengers wherever possible meanwhile Southwest Airlines expanded online distribution channels including Google Flights since early2024further enhancing accessibility amidst evolving industry dynamics "
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