In the mid-1990s, airlines explored new ways to grow their networks beyond traditional routes, laying the groundwork for alliances like Star Alliance. Founded in May 1997, Star Alliance began from the collaboration of five prominent airlines: Air Canada, Lufthansa, Scandinavian Airlines (SAS), Thai Airways, and United Airlines. These airlines, driven by the goal of expanding networks without significant capital investment, pooled resources to create the largest airline alliance headquartered in Frankfurt, Germany.
Initially, the alliance aimed to enable seamless global connectivity under the slogan "The Airline Network for Earth" and with a distinct star-shaped logo. The network expansion was rapid, with members gaining access to each other's networks, which boosted passenger loyalty and revenues. The move drew interest from other airlines and spurred the creation of similar alliances, namely oneworld and SkyTeam.
Over the years, Star Alliance grew significantly, reaching 25 members. More than 35 airlines have been associated with it at various times, with some leaving due to mergers, acquisitions, or financial difficulties.