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Why Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson airport handles record traffic with just two terminals

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Why Atlanta’s Hartsfield-Jackson airport handles record traffic with just two terminals
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Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport | Official Website

Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport (ATL) remains the world’s busiest airport, handling more than 100 million passengers in 2024, surpassing Dubai International Airport’s passenger numbers. Despite its status and heavy traffic, ATL operates with only two terminals—a configuration that sets it apart from other major international airports.

Atlanta itself is the 36th most populous city in the United States, but its metropolitan area houses over six million people, contributing to the high demand for air travel through ATL. The airport’s origins trace back to the mid-1920s when it was established on land previously used as an auto racetrack and was known as Candler Field. Its commercial aviation history began in 1926, with significant airline activity developing by the late 1920s and early 1930s as carriers like Pitcairn Aviation (later Eastern Air Lines) and Delta Air Service started operations there.

During World War II, Candler Field served as a military airfield. By 1948, annual passenger numbers exceeded one million. This growth led to expanded airline services and increased traffic at the airport.

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A major development occurred in May 1961 when Atlanta Municipal Airport opened its Jet Terminal, then the largest in the country. This facility enabled transatlantic flights and further increased capacity. In subsequent decades, new concourses were added, including those designed to accommodate growing domestic and international demand.

The current midfield terminal complex was commissioned in 1977 and opened in September 1980 with North and South Terminals connected by several concourses. Over time, new runways were built—including a fifth runway that opened in 2006—to handle more aircraft movements efficiently.

In recent years, ATL has continued to serve over 2,000 daily arrivals and departures across more than 150 domestic destinations and around 70 international ones. Delta Air Lines dominates operations at ATL, operating about three-quarters of all flights.

Unlike many global airports that have expanded by adding multiple terminals—such as Los Angeles International Airport with nine terminals or Dallas/Fort Worth International Airport with five—ATL maintains a single linear concourse layout accessible via underground trains or walkways connecting seven parallel concourses. The design centralizes passenger movement and minimizes walking distances.

"Overall, Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport utilizes a single linear concourse layout. From the main terminal complex, passengers have access across seven parallel concourses. Passengers can connect to each concourse via an underground train or pedestrian walkways," according to airport sources.

The dominance of Delta Air Lines at ATL reduces the need for separate terminal spaces dedicated to different airlines or alliances—a common practice at other large hub airports intended to ease congestion or streamline connections within alliances such as SkyTeam or Star Alliance.

"In general, the two-terminal system utilized by ATL works because of the overall layout of the airport. It was specifically designed for centralized operations, dating back to the introduction of early terminals at the airport," officials explain.

This approach enables Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta International Airport to support some of the highest traffic volumes globally without requiring additional terminal buildings—an uncommon model among airports of similar size and scope.

Organizations Included in this History
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