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World's largest air forces ranked by number of active military pilots

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World's largest air forces ranked by number of active military pilots
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General David W. Allvin, Chief of Staff of the Air Force | Official Website

The number of military pilots worldwide is shifting as air force fleets in various countries expand or contract. The United States remains the leading nation in terms of both pilot numbers and aircraft, outpacing other countries by a significant margin. While the U.S. maintains its dominance, nations like China have expanded their air forces, and others such as Russia are experiencing recruitment challenges.

The United States Armed Forces collectively operate 14,486 aircraft across four branches: Air Force, Navy, Marines, and Army. The U.S. Air Force alone has about 13,000 pilots, including those in the Air National Guard and Reserve. The Navy and Marines together account for around 10,000 pilots and naval flight officers, while the Army has approximately 14,000 helicopter pilots. In total, the U.S. military employs roughly 37,000 pilots.

"The US Air Force is unquestionably the largest air power in the world, with over 5,200 military aircraft and almost 330,000 active-duty troops," according to information from WDMMA. The service operates more than 5,000 aircraft and maintains a budget close to $200 billion.

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Russia holds second place with a fleet of 4,211 aircraft. Its Aerospace Forces employ an estimated 4,000 to 5,000 pilots within a total personnel count of about 170,000 for the branch. Russian military aviation includes well-known models such as Sukhoi and Mikoyan-Gurevich fighters but faces ongoing challenges in pilot retention and training.

China’s People’s Liberation Army (PLA) has significantly grown its air capabilities in recent years. Estimates suggest that China fields between 3,500 to 4,000 pilots for its fleet of about 3,304 military aircraft. The PLA is also increasing its naval aviation presence with new carriers under construction.

India ranks fourth with an aircraft fleet numbering 2,296 units. According to reports from the Hindustan Times, there are currently only about 3,834 Indian Air Force (IAF) pilots compared to an authorized strength of over 4,200. The Indian Navy’s air arm consists of roughly 650 pilots operating fixed-wing squadrons and helicopters.

Japan completes the top five with a fleet size of 1,459 aircraft operated by the Japan Air Self-Defense Force (JASDF). There are an estimated 2,000 to 2,500 trained JASDF pilots among nearly 50,000 personnel. Their inventory includes Mitsubishi F-15J fighters and Lockheed Martin F-35A jets.

"One trend is common across all entries on the list of the top five: recruiting and training consistently fall short of the ideal staffing levels authorized by their respective commands," notes one analysis.

Each country continues efforts to modernize fleets through investments in stealth technology and unmanned platforms while addressing ongoing personnel shortages that impact operational readiness.

Organizations Included in this History
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