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Policy
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Iran Air Boeing | Wikimedia

Iran has faced long-standing sanctions from the United States, which have hindered its ability to purchase new commercial aircraft. This situation has forced Iran to rely on the black market for components to maintain its aging fleet. Despite having a functional airline industry, it is not sufficient to meet the country's needs, and government subsidies are necessary.

The country operates around 150 aircraft out of an inventory of 300-350, while it estimates needing 550 planes. Iran Air, the national carrier, has supplemented its fleet by acquiring second-hand retired aircraft through shell companies. An example includes four ex-Turkish Airways Airbus A340s that were redirected to Tehran in 2022.

"Under the framework of this program, fleet expansion up to 550 airplanes, repairing airplane parts, and indigenizing the knowledge for the construction of aircraft inside the country are set on the agenda... including buying airplanes, manufacturing airplanes, and repairing grounded airplanes. We need 550 airplanes to meet the country’s air transportation demands,” stated Mohammadi-Bakhsh as reported by Tehran Times.

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Sanctioned countries like Venezuela also lease these old aircraft from Iran. However, they must be cautious about where they fly them due to potential legal actions from other nations. For instance, a Boeing 747-300M leased from Iran's Mahan Air was impounded in Argentina in 2022 at the request of the United States and later destroyed.

Iran Air operates a diverse but outdated fleet with only eight active planes out of a total of 37. The average age of these aircraft is approximately 29 years. The airline's operational challenges are compounded by sanctions that prevent purchasing new jets from manufacturers like Airbus and Boeing.

According to Cirium data, Iran Air plans to operate 1,293 flights in January 2025 with a total seat capacity of 155,888. The number of scheduled flights decreases slightly in subsequent months. The airline's most frequent routes include Tehran-Imam Khomeini to Jeddah and Istanbul.

Despite claims by Iran's PressTV that local engineers can reverse-engineer parts for Airbus and Boeing engines, questions remain about their durability and effectiveness. Aging airframes pose ongoing maintenance challenges as components wear out over time.

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